A Lifestyle Of Cheating - 1512 Words

Irrationalizing ‘Roids: A lifestyle of Cheating Gym Candy, ‘roids, juice, pumpers, weight trainers, clear, beans and hype (Steroids and their). All of these words are slang for the illegal substance known more commonly as anabolic steroids and HGH, or human growth hormone. The controversy surrounding anabolic steroids and HGH in sports has stormed to the forefront of the many problems that plague America today. Anabolic steroids are synthetic chemicals that mimic the effects of the male sex hormone testosterone. According to Fox News,  ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬5% of middle school and high school aged- children have or currently use anabolic steroids. 30 to 40% of college and professional athletes use steroids, as well as 10-20% of high school athletes (Ricki Lewis). Despite their illegality, law enforcement officials cannot devote more resources to policing steroid use and trafficking because they are still fighting the abuse of other illegal drugs that affect many more young people (M cCloskey and Bailes). Many athletes looking to gain a competitive edge on all levels use anabolic steroids because of their muscle growth and muscle building benefits, but overlook the extensive list of sometimes life-threatening side effects that steroids may bring. I believe that steroids should be banned from all athletic agencies, schools, organizations, et cetera because it leads to a larger ethical problem in today’s already fading system of values and morals in America, the side effects of anabolic steroidsShow MoreRelatedSteroids : A Lifestyle Of Cheating1639 Words   |  7 PagesRavaging ‘Roids: A lifestyle of Cheating Gym Candy, ‘roids, juice, pumpers, weight trainers, clear, beans and hype (Steroids and their). All of these words are slang for the illegal substance known more commonly as anabolic steroids and HGH, or human growth hormone. The controversy surrounding anabolic steroids and HGH in sports has stormed to the forefront of the many problems that plague America today. Anabolic steroids are synthetic chemicals that mimic the effects of the male sex hormone testosteroneRead MoreAcademic Plagiarism And Academic Dishonesty932 Words   |  4 Pagesand study guide for the chapter test that day? Lack of preparation is a huge contributor to academic dishonesty. Forgetting to study can cause those who would not usually cheat to stoop low and look at someone else s work. Some students rely on cheating to make their way through high school or college. Academic dishonesty is a way lazy students take advantage of hard working students. Whether the academic dishonesty is caused because of the lack of preparation, a poor work ethic, or by having aRead MoreThe Wolf of Wallstreet Movie Review1477 Words   |  6 PagesEvery day, people in current society are reminded to follow a certain code of conducts or ethics to live a legal and proper life. These codes may be simple and contain common sense, such as following the law or not cheating other people. However, in the movie The Wolf of Wall Street, it not only promotes these actions, it shows it to the live audience the positive effects it may produce. The Wolf of Wall Street is based on a true story of Jordan Belfort, a stockbroker who served 36 months in prisonRead MoreHelp Me Nigga Character Analysis1180 Words   |  5 Pagesbegins this bit by stating that cheating was the reason why his marriage failed, but immediately after stating this turns around and states that is was actually â€Å"lying about cheating† that was the reason why his marriage didn’t last. He proceeds to give examples of the many times that he lied about when he was cheating – even bringing his best friend into the web of lies and somehow always getting caught each time. Kevin Hart also explained that he was not ashamed of cheating and wouldn’t take anythingRead MoreSymbolism in The Old Man and the Sea Essay945 Words   |  4 Pagesroaring 20s and enjoying the bountiful materials of those times. Nick small and cheap rental is surrounded by the mansions, demonstrating how there were those exceptions to the high lifestyles. The constant lavish parties and time for relaxation further exemplifies how extravagant things were. Also the behavior of cheating and how it was common displays how the women were mostly objects of affection, but not much more than that. 7. Nick Carraway is an ideal narrator because his point of viewRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1255 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent for everyone. Some may love this book while others just purely hate it. I have to say I am in between loving and hating this book. I do like the look into the lives of the rich of the 1920s and I did enjoy the overall story. However the cheating I wasn’t fond of. I do understand that is what happens with the rich so I do enjoy the fact that it historically accurate. Another topic that I will touch upon is the drunkenness and reckless driving portrayed, quite accurately, for this time periodRead MoreMany low class citizens would make bad decisions such as executing illegal activities in order to600 Words   |  3 Pagesrant about his dangerous lifestyle as a hustler that leads to the death of his friend. Lincoln, is an example, who believe his life is something more than an hustler, â€Å"Got yrself a good job. And when th e arcade lets you go yll get another good job. I dont gotta spend my whole life hustling. Theres more to Link than that. More to me than some cheap hustle. More to life than cheating some idiot out of his paycheck or his life saving† (Parks 55). By leaving his dangerous lifestyle, Lincoln figures outRead More Great Gatsby Essay870 Words   |  4 PagesDaisy Gatsby becomes in love with Daisy again. He tells Nick to have a dinner party and invite him and Daisy but not tell Daisy about him being their. This works and Gatsby and Daisy start to see each other again. Tom figures out that his wife is cheating on him with Gatsby. He is very mad even though he himself is involved in an affair. Tom confronts Gatsby and Daisy about the affair and at a hotel Tom tells Daisy that Gatsby is a crook and got all his money from bootlegging alcohol and other illegalRead MoreFreakonomics Essay1424 Words   |  6 Pagesfocuses on cheating and incentives. Incentives can be a good thing, depending on how they are implemented and enforced. Incentives do have their bad side as well, which is represented by cheating. The chapter analyzes cheating schoolteachers in Chicago and the corruption of sumo wrestling in Japan, among other examples. In each scenario, the same themes arise: how incentives work, and why they sometimes cause cheating. Although these specific scenarios demonstrate the point of cheating and incentives

How Language Is Essential For Human Communication Essay

Language is essential to human communication because of the definition and signification of words, formation of complex clauses with these phrases, and ultimately, the sharing of ideas. Locke and Augustine present conflicting points of view on the argument of language’s purpose and, thus, pose contrasting answers to the questions: what is language and what is its meaning? While, Locke expresses a strictly internalist view on language and the individuality of words’ significance, Augustine represents the hybrid theory of referentialism and internalism, more accurately explaining the inner acquisition of language and its importance in the exchange of ideas. In Locke’s Essay Concerning Known Understanding, he discusses the importance of internally forming one’s unique signification of a word and the two ultimate purposes of language. Locke introduces his internalist views on language with a lengthy definition of internalism and a brief explanation of the usag e of this mode of thinking. He believes that â€Å"There is no natural connection between particular sounds and particular ideas†¦ and the ideas they stand for are their proper and immediate signification† (Locke, Essay Concerning Known Understanding, 146). With this arbitrary definition and explanation, Locke fully encapsulates the internalist view on language, which is developing one’s own unique meaning of a word and personally interpreting that signification as correct. Locke then emphasizes the two purposes of language, asShow MoreRelatedThe Origin of Language in Human Evolution Essay1209 Words   |  5 PagesLanguage is a complex system evolved from animal cognition system not from animal communication, suggesting that only humans with complex brain system were capable of developing (Ulbaek, 1998). Whereas other animal species communicate through vocalised sounds, songs, or gestures specially primates such as apes. Similarly gestures and hand gestures were the form of communication used by early hominids, but Homo habilis and Homo erectus started to use vocalisations and decreasing the frequent use ofRead MoreHuman Existence Be Possible Without Communication Essay1451 Words   |  6 PagesWould human existence be possible without communication? How would human beings interact with each other and the environment, develop relationships, and understand the environment without communication? Basically, communication is the most significant factor across societies that plays a crucial role in shaping human destiny. The concept and process of communication has attracted several definitions because of the varying considerations of its significance in human life. Communication is definedRead More Inadequate Communication 970 Words   |  4 Pageslimited English proficiency (LEP), the issue of inadequate communication has become a considerable problem for healthcare providers (U.S. Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administrati on, 2003). This does not account for the thousands of Americans who have hearing loss and use American Sign Language (ASL) as their primary form of interaction (Mitchell, Young, Bachleda, Karchmer, 2006). â€Å"Communication with patients is essential to providing quality medical care† (Bernard et al., 2006Read MoreThe Conflict Theory Of An Age Of Corporate Colonization886 Words   |  4 PagesConflict theory is a term that is being used to help us, people, to understand how and why a model of behaviors, norms, inequality, powers, ideology, values that characterize our social system is happing or have happened over time. This theory focuses on people the way that they act. It has been believed that people tend to do things that are interest others. For instance, Stanly A. Deetz who wrote Democracy In An Age Of Corporate Colonization views theory as a lens and a way of seeing the worldRead MoreThe Main Source Of Rosenzweig s Thoughts About Translation Essay1682 Words   |  7 Pagesword. (Rosenzweig 66) This suggests that the essence of translation is communication; it is the only solution to bridge the chasm between human beings. God speaks to men through a spoken language. In addition, Rosenzweig debates that â€Å"there is only one language† (Galli and Rosenzweig 362). All languages are basically one language under the umbrella of God. Just as a language has given birth to all who speak it, so all human expression, all alien tongues that ever have been or will be spoken, mustRead MoreEssay On Social Interaction1338 Words   |  6 PagesIn our society, we face various aspects and levels of social interaction. For the purposes of this paper, the focus will be on specifically, Gender and Language, Nonverbal communication, Status, and Humor. Social interaction is the way people talk and act with each other and various structures in society. It may include the interactions such as family or bureaucracies that are formed out of the need to create order within the interaction itself (Wikipedia, 2017). This paper will illustrate the importanceRead MoreSkills and Competencies818 Words   |  4 PagesRosemond Elms College Skills and Competencies Nurses for the future-Communication Many people refer to their strong communication skills, but communication is really a competency that relies on a combination of certain skills, behavior and knowledge. To communicate effectively a person may need to understand cultural diversity, have advanced language skills, and behave with patience. Interpersonal communication is essential in every area of life, but it especially critical in the field of nursingRead MoreVisual Imagery And Effective Communication996 Words   |  4 PagesVisual Imagery and communication have been applied to communicate a person’s feelings toward communication to predictable communication with another individual (Bruder, Dosmukhambetova, Nerb, Manstead, 2012). The capability of people to express their feelings and nonverbal behaviours in an image assists to coagulate predictable behaviours when communicating with others. Imagery is a very significant aspect of communication, and it has played a crucial role in the development of human bein gs regardingRead MoreRhetoric : The Power Of Discourse1689 Words   |  7 Pagesrhetoric is because rhetoric is everywhere. Our everyday lives are filled with the intensity of rhetoric and what it can do. Thus, rhetoric is the art of words that has the ability to influence, persuade, and create communication and intimacy in societal connections. Rhetoric becomes an essential component in establishing connections with others in order to cooperate and coexist in society. Many philosophers have studied rhetoric through very different lenses; some focusing on ethics, while others focusedRead MoreThe And Caring For The Clinical Setting : Patients Descriptions1285 Words   |  6 Pagesworking with the patient are essential components of therapeutic communication. According to the article, â€Å"‘I Don’t Know the Words He Uses’: Therapeutic Communication among Q’eqchi Maya Healers and Their Patients†, there are two forms of healing that these Maya Healers used, which are transformative and restorative healing. Transformative healing deals more with being present and focuses on the patient, while restorative healing is focused on the disease. Similar to how in school, nurses are extensively

Sociology Role of Women in Judaism and Christianity

Question: Dsicuss about theSociologyfor Role of Women in Judaism and Christianity. Answer: Introduction In the various religions of the world, different perspectives are held by each religion on the role of women in the society (Bach 2013). On investigating through the cultural changes between the religions, both similarities and deviations can be noticed in the role of women. The viewpoint of women has changed considerably , than what it was before. The orthodox beliefs and practices against women has been reduced to a considerate level. Judaism and Christianity are the two major religions of the world. Judaism is an ancient religion which is monotheistic in nature. Their holy book is Torah whereas, their beliefs , history and traditions are all recorded in the Hebrew Bible (Balkin, Watts and Ali 2014). Christianity is the worlds most popular religion which holds the highest population in the world. It is an old religion with the Bible as the holy Bible. There is a noticeable transformation between the change in traditional beliefs and practices with respect to the role of women in these two religions (Brouwer 2013). The aim of this essay is to analyse these noticeable changes that would help in knowing the different viewpoints regarding the role of women in the society, based on the beliefs of these two religions. Role of Women in Judaism The role of women in Judaism is considered by the Hebrew Bible , by custom beliefs and by some non religious factors. According to the old beliefs, as mentioned in the Bible, women in Judaism were not allowed for public appearance (Desai, Chugh and Brief 2014). Though there are various exceptions to the various prophetess and other important figures in earlier times, where there was no objection against their free appearance in public. Marriage in Jewish religion and the family laws related to the religion earlier held a superior position for the women than men. A husband had the authority to divorce his wife, but a wife did not have the authority to divorce her husband without his consent. Re-marriage was allowed only to husband whose wife had died and whereas, a widow was not allowed to re marry. With respect to marriage and divorce authoruities of women in Judaism, one of the critical practices followed in Judaism is Agunah (Drazin 2014). In this custom, a husband who had left on a jaourney and has not returned for many years, or a man who has gone for a battle and has no news so far, is unable to grant a divorce to his wife. According to the jewish traditions, it is quite necessary for the husband to grant his wife aget or dicorce on his own will. Without a get, remarriage is forbidden for teh wife. Her children would be considered as a mamzer or bastard. In these circumstances, the women tend to suffer in severe conditions. It is considered as one of those sevre punishments for the women where they are left on the mercy of others (Golding 2015). In order to recover these women from such situations, it is considered as a duty or the halakic authority to grant these women the permission to remarry by allowing her the get from her husband. There were various beliefs and cultural differences found between male and female that shows how females were considered as submissive to men. With regards to the religious practices, the women in Judaism were allowed to visit the temple only once in a year. Specific practices were only regarded to the men, whereas, the female were not allowed to perform (Lampert 2013). Economically, the women were dependent on the men. Women did both inherit any property the. If they had no brothers, and they inherited their fathers property, in order to lawfully inherit it, she had to marry someone from the tribe. In Talmudic times, various references and quotes were made it the book of the Jews, that described how respecting , loving and caring for women are the basic duties of men. Manhood does not lie in suppressing the women. There are many examples of women of those times, who have kept a strong influence on their husbands . In medieval ages, women in the Jewish family had three factors that such as religious, economic and the situation of the non Jewish society, which shows that the status of women had changed and had risen than what it was before. People were more liberal in nature in the medieval ages, where they taught the women various religious teachings and reading Torah, all that was prohibited in the past. The orthodox beliefs of the past regarding the religious practices has followed some leniency while being addressed to the women in the society. A new aspect had been introduced in the middle ages, known as synagogue where the women participated in the Jewish practices publically. In synagogues, women were provided with a separate section where they were separated from the men. They were allowed to wear such clothes that would cover their body and do not act as a distraction for men. They had a belief that women tend to raise impure thoughts in men while praying. Marriage was considered as one of the most holy relations of life which laid great emphasis on the holy bond between the partners. Female menstruation cycles were considered as expressions of sins or demonic character, and hence, greater strictures were maintained against this. In present day of life, orthodox Judaism is present that stets the present views and beliefs of the Jewish practice. It claims that men and women are both different in nature who have different duties and responsibilities to perform towards the religious practices. Contradicting to this statement, some orthodox belief holds that there are no differences between the two genders with regard to religious belief, but with regard to the structural, cultural and social aspects of life. Various orthodox Jewish women have been working towards the change in the religious beliefs of the people, that holds a drawback for women of the society. Nowadays, in many orthodox synagogues, women do not maintain a different section that was hidden earlier from the view of men with the fear of being distracted. This has been changed with the sections made in the hall itself, where women and men sit on the two sides separately. In the modern orthodox Judaism, modesty has been followed in the dress code for women. The Jewish members sanctioned separate prayer groups, so that girls are not prohibited from reading the holy books of the religion. Earlier, women were not considered as a witness to some incident that had taken place (Plaskow 2015). This hurt the self respect of the females of the society as their existence were held inappropriate in addressing some facts. Recently such traditions has been subjected to change. Now women could be equally addressed as witness in the eyes of law. The Judaism beliefs of the people are now subjected to change as reform Judaism where the women are given a higher post in the society, than they had earlier. A Reconstructionist group of the Jews has been framed that help the women to raise their position in the society. The prohibitions that were faced by them earlier has been removed like no education, prohibition to reading religious books, prohibited to various social customs etc. Nowadays the Jewish women have changed with the change in the mindset of the people. They re not considered as the one who are impure or are only fit for getting married. Role of Women in Christianity Christian views regarding women vary considerably, and they have varied more in the past two thousand years. There has been a variation in the thoughts and beliefs of the people regarding the women of the society (Lindsey 2015). There has been a gender biased hierarchy in the religion since its evolution. This has been claimed by the Complementarians and traditionalists till the present. In Christianity, a woman has been placed under the mans authority at various places, where they had been excluded from the church leadership and other positions that had been under the authority of only men. According to the Christian Egalitarians, the interpretation of the word of god has been quite different in nature than what has been believed. There has been no differentiation done between the two genders, and that everyone is fair and equal in the eyes of god. They believe that Jesus Christ abolished the discrimination which had been taught earlier, and that there are discrimination in the eyes of god regarding to any secondary discriminations done based on caste, creed, sex, race, slavery, etc (Maitland 2014). On the other hand, Complementarians or the traditionalist have interpreted the Bible in a different manner. They think that equality has been mentioned in the text of god being available to everyone on the day of salvation. According to this group , both in the old and the new testament, there has been a priority noticed of the males over the females (Plaskow 2014). In the early age, from the very start of Christianity, women have been noticed as important members of the movements generated by Jesus Christ. It has been mentioned in the gospels of new testament that Jesus was always found speaking to women openly and publically as his children, in spite of the cultural backwardness in those times. According to the way of preaching s of Jesus, even his followers followed the same rule. Women were considered as an important part of the society. When Paul started to spread the teachings of Jesus, his letters had mentioned the names of women that were of high importance. With the prediction of the art made in those times, it could be seen that women were a part of the ceremonies which took place in those times. They were not unaware of the customs and rejoices in those early Christian time. The Egilatarian and the Complementarian approach differ in a great extent on the context of the beliefs of Christianity (Johnson 2013). Their interpretations are totally different from each other, which thereby, raises a sharp distinction between the beliefs of the people. According to the conservative Christian theology, god has prophesized that men must rule over women. This us seen as a form of compromise that has formed between the two. Yet, this is not the true case, which had been rectified. Its is shown that equality must be maintained between the two and no one has the right to overpower the other or suppress the other. Complementarians are of the belief that Christians must hold men as superior creations as Jesus Christ is subjected as the son of god, and incarnate god as the male human being. Egalitarians argue on this nite, stating that god is not gendered. Hence, there is no biased in terms of gender. The gender biased had been present in the early ages, whereas, in the modern period these customs have reduced. Many gospels in the Bible describe how Jesus has stated women in a respectable status, where suppressing of the women by a male is strictly prohibited. Various Bible versus from Pauls letters have been noticed that has supported the idea of women having a different status than men (Thomas 2015). In the medieval ages, Christian convent helped the women to gain knowledge, education, literacy and learning, thereby playing a more religious roles . Post reformation revolutionist changes have been seen in the religion, which had included political matters within itself, thereby aligning power with the women. According to the modern feminists, there has been some challenging changes in the traditional beliefs of Christianity . These feminists create more liberal and free views that are attached to the theologies related to women of the society. They tend to support LGBT rights and abortion, which was considered as highly punishable and prohibited act earlier (Meyers 2013). With all the facts that has been collected in the ages earlier, the clear text comes in front now, which states that women had played a vital role in Christianity . They gave served the prophets, teachers, led churches at home, spiritual gifts and had died for Jesus Christ just as the other men had done (Shoemaker 2014). Nowadays, Christian women are away from any kind of restrictions or suppressions , that had been laid on them earlier. The Complementarians have been proved wrong in many places, where they had been facing forceful suppressions and humiliated treatment from the male gender. Conclusion Religious beliefs varies among the people and their views different among each other. These variations in beliefs has been noticed in all the factors of life. One of the most crucial and important diversification of views is held upon the gender discrimination among all the religions. Christianity and Judaism are the two ancient religions of the world, where, Christianity holds the highest percentage of believers in the world (Wasserfall 2015). Both in Christianity and Judaism, gender biased nature towards the male gender has been noticed in the early ages, whereas, nothing as such has been mentioned in their holy book. Women had undergone various suppressions and insults under the name of religions. Numerous ideas and beliefs have been subjected by the advocates of the religion in order to show that male gender is dominant over the female gender. The women were prohibited of some acts that were not justified, moreover, they were treated as child bearers. Statements have been framed against them that shows how low the society took female to be. With the change in the thinking, ideologies, theories, and perceptions of the people in both the religions, there had been a considerable change in the status of the women in the society. Women have gained their respect and status up to considerable extent, where they performed various activities that were considered as sin before. Women has been powered with positions, religious platforms, leaderships, respect, knowledge, education and many more transitions from the society which were only a dream earlier. According to Wiesner-Hanks (2014), Christianity and Judaism has some severe theories and ideologies within itself that creates dissimilarities in the society and thereby leading to stark discrimination between the gender . Reference Bach, A., 2013.Women in the Hebrew Bible: A reader. Routledge. Balkin, R.S., Watts, R.E. and Ali, S.R., 2014. A conversation about the intersection of faith, sexual orientation, and gender: Jewish, Christian, and Muslim perspectives.Journal of Counseling Development,92(2), pp.187-193. Brouwer, E., 2013. Jewish American Women in an Orthodox world: The Literary Representation of a Struggle for Selfhood. Desai, S.D., Chugh, D. and Brief, A.P., 2014. The implications of marriage structure for mens workplace attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors toward women.Administrative Science Quarterly,59(2), pp.330-365. Drazin, I., 2014.Mysteries of Judaism. Gefen Publishing House. Golding, N., 2015.Jewish Feminism. Lulu. com. Johnson, P., 2013.History of the Jews. Hachette UK. Lampert, L., 2013.Gender and Jewish Difference from Paul to Shakespeare. University of Pennsylvania Press. Lindsey, L.L., 2015.Gender roles: A sociological perspective. Routledge. Maitland, S., 2014.A Map of the New Country (RLE Women and Religion): Women and Christianity. Routledge. Meyers, C., 2013.Rediscovering Eve: ancient Israelite women in context. Oxford University Press on Demand. Plaskow, J., 2014. Anti-Judaism in Feminist Christian Interpretation. InJudith Plaskow: Feminism, Theology, and Justice(pp. 83-95). Brill. Plaskow, J., 2014. Anti-Judaism in Feminist Christian Interpretation. InJudith Plaskow: Feminism, Theology, and Justice(pp. 83-95). Brill. Plaskow, J., 2015.The Coming of Lilith: Essays on Feminism, Judaism, and Sexual Ethics, 1972-2003. Beacon Press. Shoemaker, R.B., 2014.Gender in English Society 1650-1850: The Emergence of Separate Spheres?. Routledge. Thomas, A., 2015. Introduction. InReading Women in Late Medieval Europe(pp. 1-24). Palgrave Macmillan US. Wasserfall, R. ed., 2015.Women and water: Menstruation in Jewish life and law. Brandeis University Press. Wiesner-Hanks, M., 2014.Christianity and sexuality in the early modern world: Regulating desire, reforming practice. Routledge.

Encyclopedia of Law and Economics

Question: Discuss about the Encyclopedia of Law and Economics. Answer: Meaning of consideration The price which is asked by a promisor in exchange of his promise is called the consideration. A consideration of some kind is necessary for the promise to be binding. Thus a promise without a consideration is not considered to be valid promise and hence it is not enforceable. However there are certain exceptions to thus rule and under certain circumstances, a promise without a consideration would be considered to be valid (McKendrick, 2014). In the instant case, the offer was made to Jack by Jane for sale of her Lotus Super 7 sports car. Jack has accepted the offer. But the agreement is devoid of any consideration. Milroy vs Lord In this case, a deed was executed by Medley who seeded to transfer certain bank shares to a trustee. But the shares were not registered in the name of the trust in the banks register. Subsequently, Mr. Medley died (Lightman, 2013).The transfer of shares was resisted by the personal representative of Mr. Medley. It was argued by the personal representative of Mr Medley that the transfer was seeded to be made without any valuable consideration and therefore same should not be enforced. According to him, it was an uncompleted gift and the same should not be enforced as the agreement could not fulfil the requirement of consideration which is essential for enforceability of an agreement (Smith, 2014). It was decided that a mere promise with a gratuitous intention does not bind the parties legally or equitably (Garza, 2016). In the instant case, Jane wanted to transfer the car to Jack. But the offer and acceptance of the same would not bind the parties because there is lack of consideration in this case. A consideration is an essential part of a contact and the general principle is that a contract without a consideration is null and void. Thus, for an agreement to be enforceable it is necessary and essential that a consideration must be present. Therefore, in the instant case, the mere offer and acceptance by the parties would not bind them legally. In other words, Jack cannot move the court to enforce the promise. In the instant case, the offer was made to Jack by Jane for sale of her Lotus Super 7 sports car for an amount of $25,000. The nature and requirement of consideration needs to be looked into in order to determine whether the above mentioned amounted to a valid consideration or not. Now, consideration is nothing but a price which is stipulated for the promise by the promisor. Consideration may neither need be monetary nor need to be of monetary value. Consideration should bring some detriment to the promise. This is the primary requirement of a consideration. Moreover, consideration does not mean that the promisor needs to get any tangible benefit. A consideration which requires the promise to quit smoking or requires him to study every Saturday night would also amount to a valid consideration under the eyes of law. Consideration may be anything stipulated by the promisor The consideration has to be fixed by the promisor and not the promisee. The promisor has the choice to stipulate anything as a consideration and it can virtually take any form. Case: Chappell vs Nestle In this case, Nestle, in order to promote its chocolate sales, put up an advertisement that anyone who sends money and three chocolate wrappers would be supplied with a record by Nestle (Gallagher, 2016). The main argument involved in this case was whether the chocolate wrappers formed part of the consideration or not for the sale of the record. It was held that the requirement of three chocolate wrappers was something more than a condition and it did form part of a valid consideration (Turner, 2014). A famous statement was given by Lord Somervell in this case: A contracting party can stipulate for what consideration he chooses. A peppercorn does not cease to be good consideration if it is established that the promisee does not like pepper and will throw away the corn. (Sacha, 2012). Thus, according to the court, anything stipulated by the promisor can form part of the consideration. In the instant case, the consideration stipulated by the promisor is monetary compensation amounting to $25000 which is equal to the market value of the car. It means if Jane choses to sell the car to any person other than Jack, he would get the same amount as he has stipulated. This amounts to a valid consideration and it would undoubtedly bind the parties legally. Thus, the parties are bound by the terms of the agreement and Jack can sue Jane if Jane refuses to sell the car. In the instant case, the offer was made to Jack by Jane for sale of her Lotus Super 7 sports car for an amount of $2500, whereas the market value of the car is $25000. Jack accepts the same. It has been established that a consideration in order to be valid needs to be certain and not illusory. Case: Biotechnology Australia Pty Ltd v Pace In this case, an employment contract was entered into between Pace and Biotechnology. There was a provision in the contract that Pace would be entitled to participate in the company's senior staff equity sharing scheme. At the time when the contract was entered into, there was no such scheme in existence (Torre, 2014). Therefore, the consideration under the contract was held to be uncertain and illusory as Biotech did not specifically mention about the amount of consideration to be paid to Pace (Gray, 2012). Adequacy of consideration A consideration will be considered to be a good consideration even if it has a minimal value (Chitty, 2012). Consideration need not be fixed according to the market value of a product and a consideration will be considered to be good so long as the promisor fixes it voluntarily and it is readily accepted by the promisee. There is no requirement that a consideration needs to be stipulated according to the economic terms of the product. If the parties voluntary agree to a consideration, even if it is not adequate, still the consideration would be considered to be a good consideration. This principle follows the economic freedom of the parties and give discretion to the parties for determine the subjective worth of the promise. Thus, a promisor may choose to stipulate any consideration it pleases. If the consideration is too much inadequate, then it has to be seen whether one of the parties is in an influential bargaining position or not. A contract, thus may be set aside on the ground of unconscionable bargain. In the instant case, both the parties have freely entered into the agreement. None of the parties seem to be in an influential bargaining position. The consideration has been stipulated by Jane and it has been readily accepted by Jack. Moreover, the consideration is specific and it does not contain any illusory terms. This shows the willingness of Jane to sell her car at a value which is far less than the market value of the car. The agreement has been entered into voluntarily between the parties and the consideration is a good consideration. Thus, the agreement would legally bind the parties and they will have to perform the obligations undertaken under the contract. The facts of the instant case are as follows: A contract was entered into between a shipbuilder and North Ocean Tankers. Under the contract, the shipbuilder was required to build a tanker flor North Ocean Tankers. The consideration stipulated under the contract was in US dollars and there was no term in the contract which provided for currency fluctuation. The shipbuilder fulfilled approximately 50% of his obligation under the contract and the United States devalued its currency by 10%. Due to the fluctuation in US dollars, the shipbuilder foresaw that he was going to suffer a loss under the contract, he demanded for the payment of an extra US $33 million, which if not paid, he would stop the work. The buyer agreed to pay the above mentioned amount as the tanker was required to be delivered on time. The buyer commenced an action after 9 months after delivery of the tanker. It is important to mention here that the facts of the instant case are similar to that of North Ocean Shipping Co Ltd. v. Hyundai Construction Co and another. In this case, there was an agreement between Hyundai another (defendants) and North Ocean Shipping Co Ltd (plaintiffs) that a tanker would be constructed by the defendants for the plaintiffs. The consideration was fixed in US dollars and was agreed to be paid in five instalments. A letter of credit was required to be opened by the defendants under the terms of the contract for securing the repayment of instalments in case of any default. There happened to be a devaluation of 10% of the US dollar after the payment of the first instalment. The defendants demanded that the last four instalments be increased in accordance with the currency fluctuation. The plaintiff although rejected the demand initially but had to accept it subsequently as the defendants threatened to stop the work. Meanwhile, the plaintiffs entered into an advan tageous agreement to charter the tanker and readily agreed to pay extra amount on the instalments and thereby requested the defendants for increasing the letter of credit. The tanker was delivered to the plaintiffs and they sought to bring an action after eight months such delivery (Kang et al., 2016). The contention which the plaintiffs raised in this case was that either the agreement to pay the excess amount was void on the ground that there was no consideration or it was voidable on the ground that the agreement was entered into under economic duress and had been made involuntarily. Justice Mocatta rejected the contention of the plaintiffs and held that the agreement for paying the excess of amount did not lack a consideration. The consideration was in the form of the promise made by the defendant to increase the letter of credit. However, he accepted that the plaintiffs have been pressurised to pay extra instalments for the tanker. He agreed that the agreement was voidable on the ground of economic duress and he also accepted the fact that the defendants had given a threat to terminate the contract in order to receive the extra amount from the plaintiffs. But he denied giving any relief to the plaintiffs on the ground that the plaintiffs had accepted the contract through their conduct (Whaley et al., 2015). The instant case is however different for the above mentioned case. In the instant case, the charter agreement was already entered by the North Ocean Tankers before the emergence of any economic duress. It was under a compulsion in the sense that it required the delivery of tanker on time. The shipbuilder had taken advantage of the situation and had exerted pressure on North Ocean Tankers and had even threatened to stop the work if the extra amount as demanded was not paid on time. Under the present circumstances, the shipbuilder has put undue pressure on the North Ocean Tankers. The North Ocean Tankers has reluctantly accepted the contract under protest. The elements of economic duress have also been fulfilled in the present case. Firstly, a contract already existed between the North Ocean Tankers and the shipbuilder. Secondly, a threat was given by the shipbuilder that he would terminate the existing contract and thirdly, the terms and conditions as offered by the shipbuilder under the duress had been accepted by North Ocean Tankers. Thus, the instant case fulfils all the requirements of economic duress. The agreement, thus entered into between the parties, under such duress is therefore voidable. Moreover, the period of nine months is well under the limitation period to sue for damages under the relevant statutes of different States of Australia. The action initiated by North Ocean Tankers is not barred by limitation period and they have full right to approach the Court and recover the excess amount which they have paid under economic duress. Thus, under the present circumstances, North Ocean Tankers are entitled to recover the excess amount which they have paid. References: Chitty, J. (2012). Chitty on contracts: General principles (Vol. 1). Sweet Maxwell. Gallagher, C. (2016). Should the" Doctrine of Consideration" be abolished?. Garza, R. I. (2016). (Un) enforceability of trust arbitration clauses in civil and common l Gray, A. (2012). Termination of Convenience Clauses and Good Faith. J. Int'l Com. L. Tech., 7, 260. Kang, J. Y., Kim, S., Murphy, H., Tenold, S. (2016). British financial, managerial and technical assistance in establishing the global shipbuilding giant, Hyundai Heavy Industries. International Journal of Maritime History, 28(1), 81-101. Lightman, J. (2013). CASE EXAMPLE. Unlocking Trusts. McKendrick, E. (2014). Contract law: text, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press (UK). Sacha, J. (2012). Virtual Advantages for Charities. Intellectual Property Journal, 25(1), 75. Smith, O. (2014). Incompletely Constituted Gifts: A Historical Assessment of Case Law. NEL Rev., 2, 33. Torre, A. (2014). Risk Management, Optimal. Encyclopedia of law and economics, 1-10. Turner, C. (2014). Key Cases: Contract Law. Routledge. Whaley, A., McAdam, B., Crowe, P. (2015). The acceleration dilemma: can English law accommodate constructive acceleration?. International Journal of Law in the Built Environment, 7(3), 248-267.

Marketing Plan for Harley Davidson

Introduction Harley-Davidson Inc. is a US-based motorcycle manufacturer established in 1903 by collaboration between William Harley and Arthur Davidson. The company was considered world’s leading designer of motorcycles comprising of heavyweight, touring as well as performance motorcycles.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Marketing Plan for Harley Davidson specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company also deals with line of motor cycle parts and accessories. The supplies of motorcycles from Harley-Davidson were recognized based on their distinctive design as well as heavy customization. The brand image of the company based on raw power formed crucial part of its unique selling proposition (Whalen et al, 2010). This made the company to focus on differentiation strategy targeting more specific products within various niche segments in the market (Whalen et al, 2010). The nature of the powerful brand image HD uses within the market, led to building of deep relationship between the company, customers and matchless riding experiences. This contributed towards massive loyal brand following since the needs of customers using heavyweight motorcycle were catered for. Marketing strategy of the company focused on company-sponsored events, various dealer promotions as well as advertisements in the media. Target market majorly comprised of baby-boomers who happened to be men above thirty five years of age. However, the age limit has risen over the years to over forty years. This represented the age group who contributed towards Harley-Davidson’s iconic figure within United States of America. Due to decline of customers within this segment, the company strategized in the year 2010 to re-organize their marketing efforts and at the same time focus on multigenerational and multi-cultural marketing strategy.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you ! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Such strategy focused on various age-groups, ethnic backgrounds and also being gender sensitive (Doole and Lowe, 2008). Impact of new and emerging technologies on transport and it applications is currently evident. Advancement in technology have taken very sharp dimension and on upper dimension within the market. Such technologies have been identified to include advances in automobile, accessories and computer production. Increase in the number of automobiles having web superior capabilities as well as new display technologies are on the growing trend. Despite all these, experience within automobile industry reveals that it’s rather expensive to operate within developed countries due to expensive demands from consumers. Such reasons should ensure that the identified gaps in knowledge regarding lucrative markets, and identified opportunities are dealt with amicably (Kotler and Keller, 2007). However, as one of the best ma naged companies within various regions, HD takes pride on the high technological and modernized level of products and services provided. Summary of environmental appraisal analysis for the U.K. market Internal analysis Harley-Davidson line of production deals with automobiles whereby they retail new and used products. Their market supply has been considered adequate by customers for close to over ten decades.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Marketing Plan for Harley Davidson specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is provision of various unique heritage and culture to employees which enables them to offer excellent services within the automobile industry. HD stands as one of the world leading companies within automobile industry dealing with heavyweight motorcycles, motorcycle parts, accessories, apparel and general merchandise (Whalen et al, 2010). The company has ensured concrete development within its various business segments. Such segments include that of motorcycles and that dealing with provision of financial incentives. The financial service segment deals particularly with wholesale as well as retail financing and insurance (Whalen et al, 2010). There has also been much focus on various innovation- related measures which assist in enhancement of differentiation and methods of costing. At the same time, much difference occurred from economic conditions and finance management within the organization. It is easier to develop performance indicators from the company’s financial records. SWOT analysis Strengths Harley Davidson commands a considerable market share within European countries owing to the nature of its products which includes most sorted out heavy- weight motorcycles. Part of the company’s strength emanates from its area of specialization which is narrowed down to two segments; motorcycles and its accessories as well as Financial Services. Harley-Davidson suppl ies heavyweight motorcycle within various international markets such as Middle-East region and Asia.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, the company boasts of a strong brand name which at one point was used as trade mark amongst American population. Such nature of strength exhibited enabled perpetual attraction of customers especially amongst baby boomers. The Harley Owners Group (HOG) association established within the company has enabled expansion of customer base with approximately since they command approximately 750,000 members globally. This makes HD appear sole sponsor of motorcycle enthusiast within the industry. Buell Riders Adventure Group (BRAG) is one of the affiliate company’s granted rights of manufacturing products under HD’s brand name. Further strength can be identified through various market segments dealing with different issues such as promotions, customer events, media advertisements and direct-mailing (Magretta, 2002, pp 86-92). Weakness HD’s weak points as it gears up for the UK market can easily be identified in the nature of pricing they use on their product s. This has made it difficult for the company to extend its market share within Asia and European other countries. At the same time, there are internal problems revolving around capacity in production which limits HD’s supply of heavy motorcycles to future market segments (Whalen et al, 2010). Opportunities There’s currently high demand for Harley Davidson motorcycles within regions having high percentage of Middle-Class earners. These countries are found within the European market which at the moment presents the largest motorcycle market in the world. There is potential market amongst the younger generation as well as sports events within America and Asia with quality being the major concern. Threat The loss of considerable domestic market is attributed to emergence of innovative competitors such as BMW and Hyundai which supplies quality but relatively cheap products to the market. At the same time some of the competitors within the market have stronger financial bas e and well coordinated marketing network which ensures smooth operations of their diversified products lines. Potential threat may arise from subsidiary companies using HD’s brand name since they can be tempted to compromise quality (Doole and Lowe, 2008). External factors External Strategic analysis The general environment of Harley Davidson will be analyzed by use of PEST analysis model. For the purposes of capturing various changes within the environment, it is important that Degree of Turbulence (DOT) model be utilized. At the same time, the motor cycle industry within the United Kingdom from which HD is expected to operate will be analyzed by use of Porter’s Five Forces analysis (Whalen et al, 2010). The Degree of Turbulence Strategic analysis of the UK environment requires the application of DOT which reveals on the stability of the industry within the current market situation. The choice of strategy is very important since it will determine the mode of entrance the company uses within various markets. There are always two main approaches used either emergent or prescriptive approach. However, various factors within specified market environments determine the level of turbulence within the environment. The factors considered in such a case include; changeability and predictability (Whalen et al, 2010). According to UK statistics, changeability can be recognized through high chances and probability for environment to change. Changes within the environment are brought about by many other factors categorized as either complexity or novelty. Such factors providing complex impacts include; political, technological as well as social aspects. Global economy represents one of the complex potential factors which might affect penetration of Harley-Davidson Company into United Kingdom market. This is because HD is a multinational company having most of its operations within the international market. Based on this, various changes on technology, prices as well as overall GDP ultimately affect overall performance of HD within emerging markets (Whalen et al, 2010). On the other hand, Novelty factors focuses on the frequency of occurrences of new situations towards the company. Harley-Davidson is considered to operate within high technology environment as exhibited by its major competitors from Japan and other such as BMW. This makes it possible for any company to turn things up-side down within the market based on its level of advancement in technology. Such changes as described above can be determined through application of predictability factor. Predictability is usually determined based on â€Å"rapidity of change† or â€Å"anticipation on future impacts†. These qualities are used to determine rate of transformation within the market as well as availability and quality of information applied on future prediction respectively. Rapidity of change within the UK can be evaluated by examining changes on market responses towards products supplied. This can be linked to the nature of GDP within the regional countries which will ultimately determine the level of supply of HD heavy motorcycles, other premium goods and services. However, with respect to â€Å"visibility of the future†, HD should be capable to predict the trend within the future market of motorcycles within the region. This is since the trend is shifting towards environment friendly automobiles, hence â€Å"forecastable† to predict market inclination. The company’s positioning based on pricing will largely determine their profit margin. Various changes within the environment, calls for adjustments to the strategies applied by Harley-Davidson within other regions. Such changes within the UK environment can best be described through application of PEST analysis (Whalen et al, 2010). PEST Analysis PEST analysis is basically built based on historical data, making it more challenging to predict the future form previous e vents within the market. Despite the analysis from degree of turbulence which could be used in predicting the future, PEST analysis cannot be utilized for the same purposes making it difficult for the company to predict their future trends from past events. Further, such results cannot be directly transferred to the future. For the purposes of analyzing UK market, HD will divide its results based on short-term and long-term events which are done based on the provided financial data. Scale of 1 to 5 can be used to quantify events based on most and least favourable environment for HD products. Using such scales can make it easier comparison between factors. However, HD Company will utilize the most relevant factors within the analysis to predict their performance within the target market. Political factors Previously as revealed from the case study, several obstacles in the form of political factors have led to stagnation of HD products within some markets. This could be seen through enforcement of new laws within countries. However, the most defined area within the market which has attracted several legal enactments is rate of global warming based on greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, nature of disposal of old products and durability of the products determines market acceptance within some territories (Whalen et al, 2010). There are tight legislative restrictions on emissions within the OECD member states. This presents some challenge to HD’s heavy motorcycles since they consume much fuel leading to unwanted emissions (Whalen et al, 2010). European countries have enacted their own standard of operation i.e. EURO 5 which gives directions of operations within automobile industry. The law ensures that all manufacturers are responsible for their product’s performance for the first five years of operation within the market (Whalen et al, 2010). This is the same as United States market which has defined rules enforcing regulations on green house ga s emissions. Such restrictions on emission have the capacity if increasing costs within various areas of development, testing and manufacturing for Harley-Davidson. The process of recycling used and old vehicles is also given equal importance within UK, with the laws stating that various automobile manufacturers are under obligation to retrieve back specific components of their gadgets. Such directives provide additional operational costs on HD, since they are required to be responsible for recyclability of various automobile components. This would make the company to forcefully take into account cost of scraping various components expected from used motorcycles. Consequently, there are various forms of crises based on political instability within the emerging markets in the region. Such cases affect the company’s profitability depending on the size of the market and total revenue collected. Despite all these, there exist high prospects on company’s future based on the nature of the UK market. Political instability results into unexpected outcomes which poses adverse effects on HD’s bottom line. This shows that the state of political stability will have tremendous effect on HD’s operations within emerging markets (Whalen et al, 2010). Economic factors Statistics reveals drastic fluctuations in the world GDP growth within the last few years. Records reveal that in the year 2008, GDP was recorded to be at a decline of over 2.5%. The successive years recorded growth rate of over 1.5% followed by approximately 2.5% (Whalen et al, 2010). Such projections are true reflections on the expected nature of recovery within the future anticipated to be over 3% by the year 2015. It is therefore important for various automobile companies such as HD to carefully differentiate their target markets. This involves analyzing growth within emerging markets and already established markets within western economies. The GDP growth within the European count ries is estimated to be at 1.8% (Duval, 2010). However, within the UK region, there is threat based on credit risk especially with big percentage from debt financing. Based on its financial records, HD should position itself to finance its operations within UK market from matching maturities of bonds to various activities. At the same time, derivatives could be used neutralize risk on interest rates. The other risk faced within European market involves fluctuations in various currencies used. However, this can be reduced through natural hedging where production facilities of the company are stationed within the major market. This would ensure that the revenue generated is spent in the same currency leading to reduction on rather anticipated currency risk. United Kingdom market requires specialized facilities capable of serving the elite population present. This leads to increase in cost of production hence making it difficult to control revenue and operational costs. Currency risks within this market are majorly associated with US dollar and British pound which would account for significant percentage of HD’s total currency exposure. However, deals within foreign countries are neutralized through hedging which happens between Euro and US dollar based on the fact that large revenue is obtained from United States operations which happen to be HD’s country of origin (Whalen et al, 2010). The nature of strength exhibited by dollar against Euro makes currency risk one of the major concerns within the UK market. Current globalization makes operational and manufacturing costs high owing to high cost of raw materials of which in this case comprises of steel and aluminium. Such trends affect ultimate prices of goods due to scarcity of raw materials and increasing demand for motorcycles. Socio-cultural factors The demographics of the market within UK are promising owing to growth experienced within the middle-class. This would represent HD with the desired market segment. However, the market within UK usually demands for products which are environmentally friendly. Technological factors There are lots of difficulties when it comes to technology since there is emergence of highly innovative firms hence gaining competitive advantage is not easy task. However, the nature of engines within their heavy motorcycles makes HD to gain significant competitive advantage over other competitors. Inclination towards environmental issues is creating avenues for the development of environmentally friendly products within the area of transportation. There are certain peculiar attributes notable within market segments which have been singled out. In this context, it is evident that whenever all these socioeconomic factors get managed, the consumer rates of HD’s products might just be equivalent to those high rates observable within other industries. Therefore, there is an evidence of the increasing importance of the institutional elements of th e decisions and performance of motorcycles and associated products. The role of the marketing department in influencing major decisions and the fate of technologically out-dated innovations is seemingly vital and can never be underscored. There are also indications that the various underlined cognitive factors act synergistically with other institutional factors to influence buying decisions of most customers within UK (Daley, 1993). Identification of two new target markets appropriate to HD in the U.K. market The company has for the past years developed new line of products contributing towards enhancement of their products based on value-added services and at the same time utilizing business customers. The new target market would be defined as knowledgeable and maturing but very much familiar with older product technologies. This requires HD to lower their prices and at the same time be innovative for the purposes of maintaining their level of relevance amongst consumers within th e target market. They should focus majorly on needs-based segmentation process which provides opportunities for reaching different consumers. Such segments are usually characterized by low pricing, reliability in quality as well as constant supply. Implementation of new products amongst the younger generation within UK should be accompanied by new branding systems for the purposes of eliminating cases of confusion amongst customers (Whalen et al, 2010). The recreational industry within UK also provides one of the most lucrative market segments. One of the marketing strategies that managers should apply for the purpose of remaining competitive within this industry is advanced technology and at the same time upgrading their establishments with the intention of appealing to more customers. Available literature demonstrates that sports organizations spend considerable sums of money each year to design, build, and elegantly furnish their establishments. The organization should focus on n eeds of trainees using HD’s products such as motorbikes. Such applications assist in implementation of effective organization’s goals and objectives. There should be reinforced elaborate plans focused on establishment of relationship amongst participants within various sporting sections. The organization should be capable of supplying high profiled riders and their sponsors through application of appropriate technologies within their gadgets. Such actions enable tremendous contributions towards individual enhancement of skills which at times is necessary for productivity purposes. At the same time, HD should utilize performance ratings for the purposes of establishing anticipated results from various sports segments. Such performance ratings are based on departmental components and their accomplishments based on organization’s goals. The process involves defined planning of activities whereby objectives from various activities are aligned to those of the company for the purposes of efficient management. Various positive experiences are identified in the process of supervision and major decisions made based on efficiency of applied concepts. Such activities are based on consumer’s learning processes and ability to match the required standards. Overall performance ratings are done on annual basis hence making it possible identification of incompetent areas and afterwards implementation of appropriate plans (Chan and Lynn, 1991). Harley-Davidson as an organization should focus on individual social benefits. This is based on frequent review of articles containing cases on social enterprises within sporting industry which enables them perform various adjustments within some of their respective units such as gymnasium. However, most of their operations should focus on business prosperity in case of recessions. This acts as strong contributor towards frequent updating of their system based on market trends. The management should unveil pos sible trend showing sustained growth and better long-term prospects for such enterprises compared to other for-profit enterprises. This discovery echoes true sentiments for companies operating within such industry. For example, stories within various articles focus on products and services provided through service industry. At the same time, there are more online discoveries concerning necessary improvements required in making customer experience of executive standards within automobile industry (Whalen et al, 2010). In the process of allowing access to information, the management of HD should consider operating common website alongside other sports websites within the region. Such operations allows for easy coordination between fans, management and players. The only lacking facility is that which enables payment to be done over the internet, such improvement would facilitate more online bookings hence decreasing overall transaction costs (Mintzberg et al., 2003). Management of grow th processes with HD focuses on intangible and tangible assets as well as available sports products and accessories. This focuses on providing intended returns based on organization’s marketing strategies. The management at the same time should focus on issues touching vital points such as management of capital investment alongside appropriate working systems. Smooth flow of processes within HD is influenced by availability of highly skilled and motivated employees, having updated and accurate information on the current marketing trends within UK segments. Various measures have been implemented by the company some of which include acceptable level of satisfaction from consumers and balancing on various innovations based on gender. At the same time, HD should incorporate instruments for the purposes of measuring every initiative undertaken in the process of improving level of competency (Mintzberg et al., 2003). Development of differentiated marketing mixes for each target mar ket identified Harley-Davidson products and services accommodate economy to upscale class within business, sports and leisure market environment. Various brand names are used under the umbrella of HD depending on the region of operation. The brand name HD is identified to have strong positioning within the upper and medium scale market range. The brand’s presence in all the continents is felt through durability and nature of HD’s products. At the same time the hotel has strong positioning within transport sector. There is well developed and established information technology which HD utilizes to attract customers such as online technology. The younger generation comprising of X, Y- generations as well as millennial can be easily reached through computerized technologies such as mobile phones and social media. Such marketing channels ensure that services are rendered by use of accurate information regarding specific tasks. Such technological adjustments create possibili ty of using services creating some sense of attraction amongst users since they expect quick responses. This calls for IT technicians to develop highly accurate and fast search engine software. Emergence of new technology with the integrated marketing mix has led to creation of new software capable of handling rapidly growing market segments. This enables use of new technologies for the purposes of content management and deliveries. Development of social networks comprising various groups such as colleagues can possibly be exploited for the purposes of providing efficient and effective marketing services to customers. However, such new technologies have led to emergence of such activities as abandonment of courses, display of boring content and at the same time difficulties in real assessment of work done by sales team. Such problems can be dealt with by use of semantic technologies capable of providing new connections and content deliveries suitable for destines occasions. Such pro gress with new technology has enabled vendors to create messages capable of adapting to the device’s content and location (Kruk and Grzonkowski, 2006). Creation of semantic digital libraries such as JeromeDL assists in software controlled repositories capable of running eLearning content. Due to new technology, it is vital to develop research team capable of reviewing online social projects after every short period during the project cycle. The audit team should be self- dependent without personal interest in the project. New technology demands that auditing on IT system should be carried out to avoid unnecessary hacking of company’s records and data. New technology has advantages and disadvantages of carrying out the project, achievements and relevance of the management’s priorities. Finally, integrative management process that meets the priority, definition, scope, mission, budget schedules, and control are made possible by the technology. Management within HD is however endowed with responsibility of ensuring that online social enterprise applied in reaching the market set clear conditions for achievable schedule, budget and tasks. A standard contract for the signature should be drawn for the purposes of allowing various considerations on all necessary obligations. Such projects allows existence of good auditing which depends on appropriate processes, essential setting priorities, goals, schedules, project definition, supportive culture, and budgetary control for project implementation. The lessons learned from technological innovations should be stored to ensure that clients are comfortable (Reiter, 2005). Concept of globalization has led to generation of various changes within every industrial sector and creates a path towards the modernization. Introduction of computers and mobile phones are said to be the first modernized communication system. There is an agreement that use of computers and use of the information technology can enha nce the effectiveness of communication in terms of operation of the organization, therefore, the same effectiveness can be also present in its application in every department. Computerization can be the most basic yet efficient process that an organization can demand in their every department. In accounting department, it is common for the accountants to commit mistakes in recoding the accounts because of the similarities of most of the accounts. However, the application of a computerized system in the accounting can only lead the entire processes into obtaining appropriate solution into organization’s computerized accounting system (Sharma, 2008). Integrated marketing mix utilizes existing Information Technology comprising of various elements contributing to their current monetary and non-monetary operations. To satisfy the shareholders, the continuous change in operations has led towards complete evolution of computerized accounting system (Sharma, 2008). Computerization of the bookkeeping system can assist the financial and cost-accounting system, administration, and over all control in the accounting department. It is expected that the computerization or the application of the information system provides technical basis for the purposes of developing sound managerial decisions. In the long-run existing information can be analysed and then applied for the operation of Information Technology based companies. Such computerization methods assist in effective management of all segments and at the same time providing additional support required. Related studies capturing the intricacies of analyzing nature of market segments within UK with respect to desired consumer needs have been conducted. Particularly, these have been conducted within the ethnographic investigations of most upper-middle-class and the sub-urban Shaker Heights society. Most studies have also applied the cultural-ecological explanation model to investigate and analyze the many intertwin ing elements or conditions that may influence buying behaviour of consumers within such segments. For instance, the cultural-ecological model related to the minority population segment integrates major groups of factors that may easily shift their based on the nature of goods supplied to them. These include: the manner in which a particular community manage and handle various transportation means based on culture; how these minorities interpret and consequently respond to such technological advancements. It is critical to observe that the first set of factor deals with the general system prevalent within a society. However, the second factor deals with personal or individual predisposition about certain manipulative or affective factors eminent from the major systems of the society. The last factor is also unique because it majorly relies on the distinct history as well as the minority conditions or status within the larger European market. In general, these factors may be viewed to be the set of conditions originating from the community forces. The focus of most studies have also intensively reviewed and analyzed the general consumer perceptions based on beliefs and practices. Some of these have potentially included factors such as their fundamental educational convictions as well as behaviours. Their associations with the general market system and effective products and their explicit convictions and behaviours have also been critically analyzed and investigated. The manners in which target population interprets and consequently respond to the notable cultural and technological disparities remain significant. This is due to their united identity citation. In addition, the marketing strategies and approaches applicable and pertinent to these target markets are vital in the analysis and examination of the basic reasons or factors influencing and leading to product’s success or underperformance. The information or facts from most of such investigations and studies have been assisting in the comprehension of the existence of performing automobiles not just within the urban setting, but again within the suburban communities. Thus, it is notable that the class-based inspection of the challenges confronting UK market is still insufficient. Evidently, current studies on rate of use of motorcycles amongst younger generation seem limited and minimal. Thus, the research will contribute considerably to the mentioned marketing catastrophe currently experienced by HD. It is crucial to consider these provisions within the marketing context. The marketing trends assumed by some competitors within the industry have proved devastating within recession periods. These require immediate attention from the concerned sectors. This has been evident even within most research cases and study findings in automobile industry. Therefore, it can no longer be assumed that the prevalence or domineering of some companies within certain market segments has pot ential influence or manipulation within their performance levels. Harley-Davidson have to build great brand awareness throughout different international markets in order to play a crucial role in the consumer selection, and that could be achieved by establishing foreign representative sales and marketing offices within their desired target market countries. International representatives would be divided on 3 main parts: Asia (Beijing, China) – Beijing, the capital of the People’s Republic of China, is the nation’s political and cultural centre. It has become a well-developed modern city, an economic centre and being one of the biggest industrial bases in China. It is the centre of China’s politics, culture, science, commerce, international interchanging, etc. In addition to that, China has a very large share of business in Chicago. Hotel Tempus would comfortably accommodate business customers, as well as we would be attractive for leisure travellers due t o a current â€Å"Mad Men† hype in China. In Europe, London is the main business hub and the most cosmopolitan city in the United Kingdom. It exhibits a great cosmopolitan culture courtesy of its endless array of skyscrapers and a bustling city-life. Having an office in London would benefit HD in terms of strategic location being close to largest companies, establishing corporate connections and gaining more business oriented customers. In addition to that, London has direct flights to other strategic regions hence providing huge market advantages. In Canada, Toronto serves as its financial capital serving as the cultural capital of English Canada, and the largest city in Canada. Whereas, Montreal is the most expensive city in Canada, situated in French part of Canada, being very historical and artistic. Establishing representative office and marketing campaign in these two regions, would generate flow of both leisure and business customers to HD products. Sales and Marketing Department structure and work process (Fill, 2005) Hiring of sales and marketing staff for an operation comes with the responsibility to provide effective sales management, which is controlled by Director of Sales and Marketing. Sales team main focus should be reaching out to new and existing customers, through the primary channels that are individual for each particular type of guest, and conducting personal sales. Personal sales are often the most effective means of customer contact, especially in cases where market demand is high. Personal sales call is used for the purposes of building rapport with clients or potential clients and selling those intended products and services. Responsibility of a sales team would be equally distributed among employees of Sales division, each member of staff having a personal relationship with a population segment hence providing individual level of service and care in order to accommodate needs of customers. Sales provide large revenue generatin g centre, which bring in direct profits. Marketing Marketing is a complex process that requires thorough research and focus on customers, marketing staff would provide sales team with a lot more tools to help them know the customer, for example creating a well-organized and professional sales kit. Only the information pertinent to the client’s particular needs should be included, in order to get the business and convince consumers on the quality of HD’s products. Accordingly to a desired target audience (domestic and international), the marketing department should serve as an extensive unit, consisting of small groups of people, especially at the phase of pre-opening marketing and launch. Such individual employees should be held responsible for: Managing Social media and response, twitter, blogs, maintain and expansion of email database. Performing creative marketing strategies, direct work with analytics and research agencies as well as engaging in publicity and corpo rate branding. In addition to that, there should be an advertising agency serving the purposes of improving media decisions. This enables precise work on target markets and hence making efficient use of stipulated advertising budget. The selection process of an ad agency should be conducted based on certain criteria’s, which would include mandatory portfolio experience with automobile firms, reputation, and ability to do a research and work within international markets. Moreover, outsourcing company’s work would provide additional advertisement and marketing of the established network within HD’s brand. Channels of reservations Being in such aggressive and highly competitive environment HD must consider working with a suitable distribution channels for the purposes of reaching major target markets. Technology has created a massive change within automobile industry; the days where there were no reliable ways of guaranteeing delivery of goods are gone. As things m ove there is no escape from the digital revolution, and as a modern market, HD should consider these changes for long-term strategy based on attracting more customers. There is a new breed of third party intermediary i.e. Google, Face book, Apple); their power grows, as they gradually become the preferred points of entry for consumers to do purchasing of equipments. The categories of meta-search (Google, hotel Finder, Room Key), social, (Face book, Trip Advisor) and mobile (mobile apps) European actual economy requires a much more aggressive approach to sales and distribution. As a matter of fact, the ultimate goal of any motorcycle company is to be visible on all distribution channels so that consumers can easily access the products. Channel management is about managing a multitude of channels along with optimizing the level of sales and revenue which could generate and additionally manage company’s reputation online and offline (Van-Weele, 2005). Each channel should be audi ted in an organized manner for the purposes of ensuring efficiency within potential markets. The channel and the processes supporting sales should be designed to be customer-centric where it is best suited to serve, and position appropriately within the distribution ecosystem. This makes company products accessible and compelling in comparison to other competitors. Online customers would require individual channels of purchase. This would ensure that HD’s sales and marketing department reach out to customers through correct channels, foe example women from the target market. HD’s task should focus on satisfaction of different customers having different needs, and ensuring they are satisfied for the purposes of maintaining relationships with existing customers and gaining new ones (Chandon et al, 2000). Conclusion From the information contained in the case study, there is necessity of HD’s management to develop and implemented electronic management system which e nables bringing together of all operations within common network. There should be total improvement in chain management within the entire market. This can be justified from the overall market performance which makes it possible, the necessary adjustments within consumers’ trends and market developments. Renovations within the revenue management system has contributed towards development of forecast system meant to optimize sales and pricing strategies. Such developments enables managers to have easy time in following various developments within the entire market hence making necessary adjustments based on informed decisions. Efficiency experienced in the operation of revenue management within can be attributed to the technological development within entire market system (Reiter, 2005). On an annual basis, HD should establish new level of knowledge concerning consumer buying patterns based on psychology. Within this line of thought, it is easier to discover the necessity of de veloping significant marketing strategies. Their effort to deliver to individuals, groups and organizations should be prompted by secure and knowledgeable workforce capable of identifying and satisfying consumer needs within different segments. Harley-Davidson should invest in consumer behaviour research which enables the organization to have the capacity of obtaining extensive data on consumer spending patterns. This can be very instrumental in strategizing for emerging markets. Consequently, they have improved on their responses and decision-making processes for the purposes of ensuring relevance within motorcycle industry. There are decisions that are always very important when establishing strong base within potential market segments. In addition, HD should manage to keep their competitors in consideration, since main focus is on finding differences in superiority and taking advantage of such situations. As an organization they should strive to identify where they record best pe rformances, and at the same time focus on the quality of products within the market. Service branding appears to be a very important factor owing to the fact that consumers normally make their judgment based on their previous experiences. In such cases HD should maintain an attractive brand name hence prompting an increase in market share. The management should meanwhile set-up an investigation team charged with responsibility of looking into the various milestones hence come-up with concrete results and solutions capable of countering any form of failure. References Camardella, M 2003, â€Å"Effective Management of the Performance Appraisal Process,† Employment Relations Today, Vol. 30, No. 1, pp.103-107. Chan, Y Lynn, B 1991, â€Å"Performance Evaluation and the Analytic Hierarchy Process,† Journal of Management Accounting Research, Vol.12, No.1, pp. 57-87. Chandon, P, Wansink, B Laurent, G 2000, â€Å"A Benefit Congruency Framework of Sales Promotion Effectivenes s,† Journal of Marketing, Vol. 10, No.2, pp. 65-81 Daley, D 1993, â€Å"Performance Appraisal as an Aid in Personnel Decisions†Ã‚  American Review of Public Administration, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 201-214. Doole, I Lowe, R 2008, International Marketing Strategy. Web. Fill, C 2005, Marketing Communications – Engagement, strategies and practice.  Pearson Education Ltd, Edinburgh Gate. Kotler, P Keller, K, 2007, Marketing Management, Pearson, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Kruk, D Grzonkowski, G 2006, â€Å"Social Semantic Collaborative Filtering for Digital Libraries,† Journal on Digital Information, Vol. 24 No. 2, pp. 11-30. Magretta, J 2002, ‘Why business models matter,’ Harvard Business Review, Vol. 80, No. 8, pp. 86-92. Mintzberg, H, Ghoshal, S, Lampel, J Quinn, J 2003,The strategy process:  Concepts, contexts, cases, (4th ed.), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River. McNeill, R 2009, â€Å"The Go-To-Market Frontier: Global Account Managem ent (GAM),† Journal of Global Business and Technology, Vol. 10, No.1, pp.12-29. Reiter, H 2005, â€Å"The Contrasting Policies of the FCC and FERC regarding the Importance of Open Transmission Networks in Downstream Competitive Markets†, Federal Communications Law Journal, Vol. 57, No. 2, p. 243. Sharma, U 2008, â€Å"Accountant as Institutional Entrepreneurs: Changing Culture at a Fijian Telecommunication Company†. Web. Van-Weele, A 2005, Purchasing and Supply Chain Management: Analysis,  Planning and Practice, (4th edition), Thomson International, London. Whalen, B, Santos, G, Kaier, R Snyder-white, D 2010, â€Å"Harley Davidson Motor Company.† Alpha Dogs, Vol.3, No. 2, pp.1-29. This report on Marketing Plan for Harley Davidson was written and submitted by user Analia Boyer to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Family Relationships Within

Jane Austen is a writer of romance and drama with a sense of social satire. She has displayed her view of family rituals and social customs of the Victorian era in most of her works (â€Å"Sense and Sensibility†). Her views of relationships were developed through frequent travels and extended visits to London and an ill-fated love for a young Irishman (Tomalin). In the book Sense and Sensibility Austen explores the customs of courtship, marriage, and lineage. There were several families illustrated in the book Sense and Sensibility and the relationships within each family were quite different. Three of these families will be described throughout this paper: the Dashwood family, the Ferrars family, and the family of Colonel Brandon. The first family depicted in the book Sense and Sensibility is the Dashwood family. The Dashwoods are basically the main family of the book. It is â€Å"a story about the Dashwood family, who loses everything when Mr. Dashwood falls suddenly ill and dies unexpectedly†(Cierras). The relation between Mrs. John Dashwood (Fanny) and Mrs. Henry Dashwood (Mrs. Dashwood) is that Fanny is the wife of Henry Dashwood’s son with his first wife, John. Their relationship is not very close. John promised his father to take care of Ms. Dashwood and his three sisters. To do that he was going to give them three thousand pounds a year, until Fanny talks him out of it. She wants as much of the inheritance from Henry’s death as she can get. She talks him down from three thousand a year to fifty pound gifts every now and then. She says, â€Å"I am convinced within myself that your father had no idea of your giving them any money at all†(Austen 10). Marianne and Elinor Dashwood are the two main characters and the focus of the novel. Originally the title of the novel was going to be Elinor and Marianne. So, respectively, they represent the title, Elinor is Sense and Marianne is sensibility (Hill). â€Å"As sisters, the two gi... Free Essays on Family Relationships Within Free Essays on Family Relationships Within Jane Austen is a writer of romance and drama with a sense of social satire. She has displayed her view of family rituals and social customs of the Victorian era in most of her works (â€Å"Sense and Sensibility†). Her views of relationships were developed through frequent travels and extended visits to London and an ill-fated love for a young Irishman (Tomalin). In the book Sense and Sensibility Austen explores the customs of courtship, marriage, and lineage. There were several families illustrated in the book Sense and Sensibility and the relationships within each family were quite different. Three of these families will be described throughout this paper: the Dashwood family, the Ferrars family, and the family of Colonel Brandon. The first family depicted in the book Sense and Sensibility is the Dashwood family. The Dashwoods are basically the main family of the book. It is â€Å"a story about the Dashwood family, who loses everything when Mr. Dashwood falls suddenly ill and dies unexpectedly†(Cierras). The relation between Mrs. John Dashwood (Fanny) and Mrs. Henry Dashwood (Mrs. Dashwood) is that Fanny is the wife of Henry Dashwood’s son with his first wife, John. Their relationship is not very close. John promised his father to take care of Ms. Dashwood and his three sisters. To do that he was going to give them three thousand pounds a year, until Fanny talks him out of it. She wants as much of the inheritance from Henry’s death as she can get. She talks him down from three thousand a year to fifty pound gifts every now and then. She says, â€Å"I am convinced within myself that your father had no idea of your giving them any money at all†(Austen 10). Marianne and Elinor Dashwood are the two main characters and the focus of the novel. Originally the title of the novel was going to be Elinor and Marianne. So, respectively, they represent the title, Elinor is Sense and Marianne is sensibility (Hill). â€Å"As sisters, the two gi...

Report on a professional meeting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Report on a professional meeting - Essay Example It is something that everyone, including those across the political spectrum would agree that the country faces growing crisis. No doubt Great British has one of the world’s worst building stock with7 million homes warped into abject poverty. For the past three years just two million cavity walls were insulated. Kirsty Warle reiterated that even though enough efficiency will save money up front; many people, especially the younger generation were faced with financial constraints making hard for them to own homes, and thus are forced to live with parents because they cannot afford rent. Warle also stated that many Britons are nowadays increasingly worrying about keeping their homes warn in the depth of winter more than they are concerned about climate protection. Many of these people find themselves in payment difficulties. The issue of fuel poverty has, glaringly, been overlooked, and there in no measure in place that can supplement low-income households. The speaker also touched on the willingness of Green Deal Company that is looking forward to implementing a viable program that will be determined to help low-income-households with refurbishing solid cavity walls, once it’s approved by the government. Kirsty also reminded the audience in attendance that Institute of Sustainability Chief Executive of East Thames Building Institution work has been tried. His work include flash program, which is primarily concerned with refurbishment of the future UCL, working closely with supply chain contractors, suppliers and users, amid others. For the refurbishment of t he future to be successfully effective, helping contractors through training them should be considered. The buying of upgraded houses, which could include council houses, could also assist to avoiding refurbishing backlog in the future. On the same length, low-income house holds worry a lot too much